Spots on the Sun

Those who are interested in literature must know the meaning of "spots on the face of the moon", but today we will not talk about the moon, but the spots of the sun.

Yes! The Sun also has spots or spots that can be seen with most binoculars using a special type of protective solar filter, but when these spots are very large and weather conditions are favorable, sometimes near sunset or sunrise, they are common. They are visible even with the eye.

These black or dark colored spots on the surface of the Sun are called Sunspots.

Before discussing these spots further, a brief introduction to the structure of the Sun is necessary.

The sun actually consists of four layers. The innermost of these is the denser layer called the core. This core is the place where energy is constantly being generated through nuclear reactions and sent to the entire solar system or in simple words this part of the sun is the engine of the entire solar system. Above the core is the radiative zone and above that comes the convective zone and then on top is the photosphere, the outer layer that is visible.

These spots are actually regions of relatively low temperature found in the Sun's outermost layer, the photosphere, and are slightly "cooler" than the rest of the surface, so they appear less bright or darker in color.

Hey stop! The word "cold" here will not be misleading because it is not "cold" in your deep freezer, but here it just means slightly cooler than the rest of the surface of the Sun, i.e. the surface of the Sun. The rest of the brighter surface has a temperature of 5,800 K, so these "cold" spots have a temperature of 4,000 K, or about 3,700 degrees Celsius.

How are these spots formed?

These spots are the result of perturbations and distortions in the Sun's powerful magnetic field. The concept of their formation can be understood with a very simple example. Most of us in our childhood, while playing with magnets, have noticed that if we scatter small particles of iron or any other metal on a piece of paper and then bring the magnet closer to the bottom of the paper, these metal particles will stick to the same spot on the paper. come together in the place where the magnet is under the paper. Sunspots are also produced under the same principle and you can call them the concentration of the Sun's magnetic force in one place.

  These spots must have a slightly lower temperature than the rest of the surface, but are filled with a lot of electromagnetic activity, and due to their magnetic force, these spots cause giant and terrifying solar waves from the Sun, called Solar Flares.

  After about every 11 years, the number of these spots on the surface of the Sun becomes maximum possible and such a condition is called Solar Maximum because at that time the electromagnetic activity of the Sun is the highest and the same. Because of this, giant bubbles of fire and heat from the Sun rise more frequently, meaning that the Sun is very "angry" at this time.

  The number of these spots varies, but up to two hundred such spots can be present on the surface of the Sun at any one time, and most of them are larger than our Earth.

  Now it is natural to ask a question that the increase of sunspots in the years of solar eclipse or close to it will have an effect in the form of heat and temperature increase on the earth because in these conditions the fire waves coming out from the sun also. increase?

  Is it just a coincidence that the next solar eclipse will happen just two years later in 2025 and today we are experiencing much warmer temperatures on Earth than in the past several years and especially in Pakistan, old heat records are being broken. are

  So the answer to these questions is that sunspot increase or solar eclipse has no significant effect on Earth's temperature.

  Earth is at a vast distance of 150 million kilometers from the sun and the effect of solar waves or fire bubbles from the sun does not reach that far. Similarly, although it is true that sunspots emit very powerful electromagnetic waves and the effect of these electromagnetic waves can be felt billions of kilometers away from the sun in the solar system, these sunspots do not emit heat and Thus, they do not contribute to the increase in temperature of the Earth or any other planet.

  Yes! The extreme heat on Earth is caused by climate-degrading activities and it is not right to blame the sun or its sunspots. Yes, however, it is true that if the number of these spots becomes too large, they can also cause disturbances in the communication system on earth and all things that depend on wireless and radio waves, such as radio transmission, mobile phones, internet, satellites. Communications and other communication systems may be adversely affected.